New Zealand - Horse-drawn trolley of timber on tramway - 1916 - Godber, Albert Percy The horse-drawn tram - An early form of public rail transport that developed out of industrial haulage routes that had long been in existence, and from the omnibus routes that first ran on public streets in the 1820s, using the newly improved iron or steel rail or 'tramway' - These were local versions of the stagecoach lines and picked up and dropped off passengers on a regular route, without the need to be pre-hired. Horsecars on tramlines were an improvement over the omnibus, as the low rolling resistance of metal wheels on iron or steel rails (usually grooved from 1852 on) allowed the animals to haul a greater load for a given effort than the omnibus and gave a smoother ride. - The horse-drawn streetcar combined the low cost, flexibility, and safety of animal power with the efficiency, smoothness, and all-weather capability of a rail right-of-way. (Reference; Wikipedia) The value of all forestry exports (logs, chips, sawn timber, panels and paper products) - $NZ 3.62 billion for the year ended 31 March 2006 - $NZ 5 billion in 2018 - Australia accounts for just over 25% of export value, mostly paper products, followed by Japan, South Korea, China and the United States. - In 2018, wood products were New Zealand's third-biggest export - Forestry accounted for approximately 3% of national GDP - Directly employing 20,000 people (Reference: Wikipedia) --------------------- Image source: Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections JTD-05C-00674-2 https://kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz/digital/collection/photos/id/48487